2023半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day86

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站小编每天学一点英语，一起为半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：为何人们对职场总是如此悲观(下)

It is harder to tell whether workers enjoy their work more than they did.Gallup, a pollster, has kindly supplied Bartleby with a smattering of job-satisfaction surveys from the 1960s and 1970s.Certainly there is little to suggest that workers back then were any happier than they are today.More comparable data, also from Gallup, from the early 1990s onwards show gradually improving job satisfaction.Last year 56% of American employees said they were “completely” satisfied with their job, an all-time high.A growing “precariat” of insecure workers gets a lot of headlines.But 90% of American employees said in 2020 that they were completely or somewhat satisfied with their job security, up from 79% in 1993.If the jobs-are-bad narrative falls down on the facts, why is it so pervasive — and so intuitive?Partly it is because no one has bothered to look at the evidence.

译文
很难判断工人们是否比以前更喜欢自己的工作。盖洛普民意调查公司好心地向巴特比提供了一些20世纪60年代和70年代的工作满意度调查结果。当然，没有什么迹象表明当时的工人比现在的更幸福。同样来自盖洛普的更具可比性的数据显示，自上世纪90年代初以来，工作满意度逐渐提高。去年，56%的美国员工表示他们“完全”满意自己的工作，创历史新高。越来越多没有安全感的“不稳定无产者”成为头条新闻。但在2020年，90%的美国员工表示，他们对自己的工作保障完全或多少感到满意，高于1993年的79%。如果“工作很糟糕”的说法与事实不符，那么为什么它如此流行又如此直观可感呢？部分原因是没有人费心去查看证据。

 

Other observers just don’t like the constant change and churn which has always been part and parcel of capitalism.More still may subscribe, perhaps subconsciously, to what Friedrich Hayek, a philosopher, called an “atavistic” view of markets.The very notion that people must sell their labour, for cash, in order to survive may violate some deeply held notion that humans are a fundamentally co-operative species, rather than a competitive one.Yet perhaps the most important reason is that people dislike acknowledging trade-offs.Mill seemed unable to square his concern about the stultifying effects of capitalism with his argument that the division of labour had massively increased living standards.People often make similar errors today.

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其他观察者只是不喜欢资本主义的不断变化和变动，而这一直是资本主义的一部分。或许还有更多的人会潜意识地认同哲学家弗里德里希·哈耶克称之“返祖”的市场观点。为了生存，人们必须出卖自己的劳动来换取现金，这一观点本身可能违背了某些根深蒂固的观念，即人类从根本上是一个合作的物种，而不是竞争的物种。然而，也许最重要的原因是人们不喜欢承认权衡取舍这个事实。密尔认为，劳动分工极大地提高了人们的生活水平，但他对资本主义使人呆滞的担忧，似乎无法与这一观点相吻合。

 

The decline of trade unions may have hurt some workers’ wages; but it is less commonly acknowledged that this has also made it easier for less “traditional” workers, such as ethnic minorities and women, to enter the labour market.Sedentary office jobs can make people fat; but people are far less likely to die on the job than they once were.A relentless focus on the problems of labour markets still has its uses.It encourages people to think about how to make improvements.The evidence suggests that on average managers have got better in recent years but clearly some firms have a long way to go.Many people are still exploited by their employers.Today’s world of work is far better than its critics would like to admit.But there is every reason to try to make it better still.

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工会的衰落可能损害了一些工人的工资；但很少有人承认，这也让少数族裔和女性等不那么“传统”的工人更容易进入劳动力市场。久坐不动的办公室工作会让人发胖；但人们在工作中死亡的可能性比以前小得多。对劳动力市场问题的持续关注仍有其用处。它鼓励人们思考如何改进。有证据表明，平均来说，经理们近年来有所好转，但显然有些公司还有很长的路要走。许多人仍在受到雇主的剥削。如今的职场比批评者们愿意承认的要好得多。但我们完全有理由努力让它变得更好。

注释

1.bother to do 费心做某事

I was so uninterested in the result that I didn't even bother to look at it.

我对结果一点都不感兴趣，连看都没看。

 

2.trade-off 交换，交易；权衡；协定

There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects.

在药物的疗效和副作用之间有个权衡利弊的问题。