2022半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day203

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站小编每天学一点英语，一起为半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人:蜜蜂是最先发明疫苗的物种(1)

An old saw has it that there is nothing new under the sun. But it may still come as a surprise that human beings are not alone in having invented vaccination. Work just published in the Journal of Experimental Biology by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, confirms that honeybees got there first. It also suggests that they run what look like the equivalent of prime-boost childhood vaccination programmes.Being gregarious, honeybees are at constant risk of diseases sweeping through their hives. Most animals which live in crowded conditions have particularly robust immune systems, so it long puzzled entomologists that honeybees do not. Indeed, they actually possess fewer immune-related genes than most solitary bees.
译文

有句古谚说，太阳底下无新事。然而，“人类并不是唯一发明疫苗的物种”这一点仍让人震惊。来自伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的吉安·哈伍德在《实验生物学杂志》上发表的研究证实，蜜蜂是最先发明疫苗的物种。研究还表明，他们在实施类似于加强儿童免疫的疫苗接种计划。由于是群居，所以蜜蜂经常面临疾病横扫蜂巢的风险。大多数生活在拥挤环境中的动物都有特别强大的免疫系统，而蜜蜂却没有，这一问题一直困扰着昆虫学家。事实上，它们的免疫相关基因比大多数独居的蜜蜂都要少

 

Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them, before they are laid, fragments of proteins from diseasecausing pathogens. These act as antigens which trigger the development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place, for she subsists purely on royal jelly, a substance secreted by worker bees which are at the stage of their lives (which precedes the period that they spend flying around foraging for nectar and pollen) when they act as nurses to larvae. Dr Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses were incorporating into the royal jelly they were producing, fragments from pathogens they had consumed while eating the victuals brought to the hive by the foragers.
译文

2015年给出的部分答案是，蜂王在产卵前将致病病原体的蛋白质片段转移到卵中，从而为卵接种疫苗。这些抗体作为抗原，会在发育中的年轻蜜蜂中引发保护性免疫反应。但这一观察结果有一个问题：首先，蚁后是如何获得抗原的，因为蚁后只靠蜂王浆生存，蜂王浆是工蜂处于哺育幼蜂的生命阶段时（在它们四处飞行寻找花蜜和花粉之前）分泌的一种物质。于是哈伍德博士想，当这些保育蜂在吃觅食者带到蜂巢的食物时，它们是否将自己生产的蜂王浆和食用的病原体碎片融合到了一起。

 

To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at the University of Helsinki, in Finland, led by Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with broods of larvae to look after. Instead of nectar, they fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they laced this syrup with Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease called American foulbrood.
译文

为了验证这个想法，他和芬兰赫尔辛基大学的海利·萨尔梅拉领导的团队进行了合作。他们一起收集了大约150只保育蜂，并将它们分到了6个没有蜂后的迷你蜂巢里，里面有一窝需要照顾的幼蜂。他们用糖水代替花蜜喂养这些保育蜂，并在其中三个蜂巢的糖水中加入了幼虫芽孢杆菌，这种细菌会导致一种能够杀死蜂巢的疾病，叫做美洲幼虫病。

注释

1.immune system 免疫系统

His immune system completely broke down and he became very ill.

他的免疫系统彻底崩溃了，他已病入膏肓。

 

2.in the first place 首先，起初

To make true friends, you need to be friendly to others in the first place.

要结交真正的朋友，首先就要对他人友好。

 

3.royal jelly 蜂王浆

Royal Jelly is the main source of food for the queen bee.

蜂王浆是蜂王的主要食物来源。

 

4.team up with 与……合作

He preferred to go into business alone rather than team up with others.

他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。