2025半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站英语：《经济学人》中英读译Day139

英语阅读能力依靠什么？必然是词汇的积累，但，仅仅是词汇的积累是不够了，更应该了解英语句式，不同句型所表达意义。如何培养自己的阅读语感呢？那么就跟着聚创半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站官网小编每天学一点英语，一起为半岛星空体育·(中国)官方网站筑起坚实的地基。阅读是需要积累的，就像我们需要经常和人沟通才会促进我们的表达能力一样~小伙伴跟着小编一起，每天坚持打卡，培养英语阅读能力及语感，了解文章一些经典词汇的用法。

经济学人：研究证实--八周大的幼犬已经可以理解人说话(下)

In one experiment, a researcher would hide food under one of two cups—and then call to the puppy and point toward the cup that held the treat.And we found puppies were able to use this social cue effectively, choosing the correct location significantly above what you would expect by mere chance.In another experiment, a researcher would talk to a puppy.“Hi pup. Are you a good puppy? Yes, you are! What a good puppy!”This goes on for about 30 seconds.“Are you the best puppy? Yes, you are! Of course you are. That’s a good puppy!”During this interaction, the researcher would record how much time the pup spent gazing at her with joyous anticipation and then compare it with how the other puppies behaved.And what they found?

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在一项实验中，一位研究人员将食物藏在两个杯子中的一个的下面，然后呼唤幼犬，指向装食物的杯子。我们发现，幼犬能够有效地使用这种社交线索，能明显地选出正确的位置，而非你预计的仅仅靠运气选出。在另一项实验中，一位研究人员会和一只幼犬说话。“嗨, 小狗。你是一只乖狗狗吗? 是的, 你是! 多好的小狗啊!”这个过程持续大约30秒。“你是最棒的小狗吗？是的，你是！你当然是了。你是一只好狗狗！”在这个互动过程中，研究人员会记录下这只小狗带着喜悦的期待注视她的时间，然后将其与其他小狗的行为进行比较。他们发现了什么？

First, we learned something important about the developmental basis of these skills.In the largest sample to date, we show that puppies will reciprocate human social gaze and can successfully use information given by a human in a social context from a very young age.And they do so from the very first run.And so it seems likely that puppies really are starting the task with the communicative ability necessary to be successful rather than just quickly learning an association over the course of the task.In addition, the researchers found that these social skills have a strong genetic component.So while many puppies breeze through, others just cannot figure it out.And what’s really fascinating is that we found a lot of this variation can be explained by the genetics of the dogs.Around 40 percent of that variation is heritable.
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首先，我们了解了一些关于这些技能发展基础的重要信息。在迄今为止收集的最大的样本中，我们发现，小狗会回应人类的社交注视，并且它们从很小的时候就能成功地在社会环境中使用人类提供的信息。它们从一开始就这样做。因此，小狗似乎真的是带着成功所必需的沟通能力开始执行任务的，而不仅仅是在执行任务过程中快速学习联想技能。此外，研究人员发现，这些社交技能具有很强的遗传成分。当许多小狗轻而易举地通过测试时，其他小狗就是弄不明白是怎么回事。真正吸引人的是，我们发现许多变异都可以用狗的基因来解释。大约40%的变异是可遗传的。

 

These are actually quite high numbers, much the same as estimates of the heritability of intelligence in our own species.So all these findings suggest that dogs are biologically prepared for communication with humans.Next Bray says she’ll be searching for the genes that are linked to canine social intelligence.That could help breeders select for better behaved pups.And it’ll give Bray and her colleagues something to look forward to.Are these experiments fun?You’re coming back tomorrow to play with me! We’ll play more pup games.For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Karen Hopkin.We’re gonna have so much fun! I can’t wait to play with you!
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这实际上是相当高的数字，与我们人类智力遗传的估计非常相似。所有这些发现都表明，狗在生理上已经做好了与人类交流的准备。布雷表示，接下来她将寻找与犬类社交智力相关的基因。这可以帮助饲养员选择表现更好的幼犬。这也会让布雷和她的同事们有所期待。这些实验有趣吗?你明天要回来和我一起玩! 我们会玩更多的小狗游戏。谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学，我是凯伦·霍普金。我们会玩得很开心的! 我等不及要和你一起玩了!